Signs a system is near the end
Rust staining on the casing, or water pooling under the tank rather than dripping from the relief valve. Both usually mean the cylinder is going or gone.
Running out of hot water when nothing about the household has changed, particularly if it has come on gradually.
A second or third fault within a short period. Components in a tank age together, so a system that has started failing tends to keep failing.
Age past the point most systems of that type get replaced, generally somewhere around seven to ten years for storage, though this varies with water quality and whether the anode was ever changed.
None of these is a countdown. They are reasons to plan rather than reasons to panic.



